government: presidential republic

state of civil and political rights: Not free

constitution: 19 January 2014; amended 2019

legal system: mixed legal system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; judicial review of the constitutionality of laws by the Supreme Constitutional Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

legislative system: bicameral Parliament consists of Senate and House of Representatives

judicial system: Supreme Constitutional Court (SCC) (consists of the court president and 10 justices); Court of Cassation (CC) (consists of the court president and 550 judges organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) (consists of the court president and NA judges and organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; courts of limited jurisdiction; Family Court

religion: Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10%

death row: between 580 and 590, 2 thirds of them were condemned before 2010, people are under final death sentence, according to the Arab Organization for Human Rights (AOHR) at the end of 2017

year of last executions: 0-0-0

death sentences: 0

executions: 0