government: semi-presidential republic

state of civil and political rights: Partly free

constitution: 11 December 2010

legal system: civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

legislative system: bicameral Parliament consists of Senate (Antenimieran-Doholona) and National Assembly (Antenimierampirenena)

judicial system: Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 11 members; addresses judicial administration issues only); High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 9 members); High Court of Justice (consists of 11 members; addresses cases brought against the president of Madagascar and high officials for high treason, grave violations of the Constitution, or breach of duties incompatible with the exercise of the presidential mandate); Courts of Appeal; Court of Cassation; Courts of First Instance; military courts; traditional (dina) courts; Trade Court

religion: Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar/Malagasy Lutheran Church/Anglican Church 34%, Roman Catholic 32.3%, other Christian 8.1%, traditional/Animist 1.7%, Muslim 1.4%, other 0.6%, none 21.9% (2021 est.)

death row:

year of last executions: 0-0-1958

death sentences: 0

executions: 0