government: parliamentary republic
state of civil and political rights: Free
constitution: 10 December 1996; entered into effect on 4 February 1997; amended many times, last in 2020
legal system: mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and customary law; has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration
legislative system: bicameral parliament consisting of the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces
judicial system: Supreme Court of Appeals (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 21 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges); High Courts; Magistrates' Courts; labor courts; land claims courts
religion: Christian 86%, traditional African religions 5.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other 1.5%, nothing in particular 5.2% (2015 est.)
death row:
year of last executions: 0-0-0
death sentences: 0
executions: 0
international treaties on human rights and the death penalty:
situation:
