government: parliamentary republic

state of civil and political rights: Partly free

constitution: 28 November 1998; amended several times, last in 2020

legal system: civil law system except in the northern rural areas where customary law known as the "Code of Leke" is still present; has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration

legislative system: unicameral Assembly (Kuvendi)

judicial system: Supreme Court (consists of 19 judges, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the chairman); Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; specialized courts: Court for Corruption and Organized Crime, Appeals Court for Corruption and Organized Crime (responsible for corruption, organized crime, and crimes of high officials)

religion: Muslim 56.7%, Roman Catholic 10%, Orthodox 6.8%, atheist 2.5%, Bektashi (a Sufi order) 2.1%, other 5.7%, unspecified 16.2% (2011 est.)

death row:

year of last executions: 0-0-0

death sentences: 0

executions: 0