government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

state of civil and political rights: Free

constitution: adopted 1815; revised 8 times, the latest in 1983; amended many times, last in 2018

legal system: civil law system based on the French system; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

legislative system: bicameral States General (Staten Generaal) consists of the Senate (Eerste Kamer) and the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer)

judicial system: Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (consists of 41 judges: the president, 6 vice presidents, 31 justices or raadsheren, and 3 justices in exceptional service, referred to as buitengewone dienst); the court is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers; courts of appeal; district courts, each with up to 5 subdistrict courts; Netherlands Commercial Court

religion: Roman Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.8% (includes Dutch Reformed, Protestant Church of The Netherlands, Calvinist), Muslim 5%, other 5.9% (includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish), none 54.1% (2019 est.)

death row:

year of last executions: 0-0-0

death sentences: 0

executions: 0