government: presidential republic
state of civil and political rights: Not free
constitution: 5 September 1995; amended several times, last in 2019
legal system: civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation; has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration
legislative system: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate and the Majilis
judicial system: Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of 44 members); Constitutional Council (consists of the chairperson and 6 members); regional and local courts
religion: Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.)
death row: 27 (as of 30/09/2004)
year of last executions: 0-11-2003
death sentences: 0
executions: 0
international treaties on human rights and the death penalty:
situation:
