government: semi-presidential republic
state of civil and political rights: Free
constitution: 12 February 1992; amended 1999, 2000, 2019
legal system: civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts; has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration
legislative system: unicameral State Great Hural (Ulsyn Ikh Khural)
judicial system: Supreme Court (consists of the Chief Justice and 24 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of the chairman and 8 members); aimag (provincial) and capital city appellate courts; soum, inter-soum, and district courts; Administrative Cases Courts
religion: Buddhist 51.7%, Muslim 3.2%, Shamanist 2.5%, Christian 1.3%, other 0.7%, none 40.6% (2020 est.)
death row: at least 9 (as of July 30, 2009)
year of last executions: 0-0-0
death sentences: 0
executions: 0
international treaties on human rights and the death penalty:
situation:
