LIBYA

government: in transition

state of civil and political rights: Not free

constitution: in July 2017, the Constitutional Assembly completed and approved a draft of a new permanent constitution; in September 2018, the House of Representatives passed a constitutional referendum law in a session with contested reports of the quorum needed to pass the vote, and submitted it to the High National Elections Commission in December to begin preparations for a constitutional referendum; the referendum is planned in 2022, following the presidential election

legal system: Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities; has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration

legislative system: unicameral House of Representatives

judicial system: Libya's judicial system consists of a supreme court, central high courts (in Tripoli, Benghazi, and Sabha), and a series of lower courts; the judicial system is factious given the ongoing tension between Libya's eastern and western regions

religion: Muslim (official; virtually all Sunni) 96.6%, Christian 2.7%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, folk religion <1%, other <1%, unafilliated <1% (2020 est.)

death row:

year of last executions: 0-0-0

death sentences: 0

executions: 0

international treaties on human rights and the death penalty:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Convention on the Rights of the Child

Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

situation:

news

Death penalty for terrorism

LIBYA COURT SENTENCES 23 TO DEATH FOR ISIL CAMPAIGN

30 May 2023

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30 May 2023 :

A Libyan court on May 29, 2023 sentenced 23 people to death and another 14 to life in prison for their role in a deadly ISIL (ISIS) campaign that included beheading a group of Egyptian Christians and seizing the city of Sirte in 2015.
The attorney general’s office said in a statement on May 29 that one other person was sentenced to 12 years in prison and six were sentenced to 10 years; one was sentenced to five years and six others to three years. Five were acquitted and three others died before their case came to trial, according to the statement.
Libya was said to be one of ISIL’s strongholds outside of Iraq and Syria, and the group took advantage of the chaos and warfare in the North African country that followed a 2011 NATO-backed uprising.
In 2015, the armed group launched an attack on the luxury Corinthia Hotel in Tripoli, killing nine people before abducting and beheading dozens of Egyptian Christians, whose deaths were featured in grisly propaganda films.
After gaining territory in Benghazi, Derna and Ajdabiya in eastern Libya, the group seized the central coastal city of Sirte, holding it until late 2016 as it enforced a harsh regime of public morality backed up by brutal punishments.
The court sentenced three minors to 10 years in prison each, said lawyer Lotfi Mohaychem.
“As lawyers for the victims’ families, we see the verdict of the court as very satisfying and very just,” Mohaychem said.
“The court sentenced those whose guilt was demonstrated and acquitted those against whom there was insufficient evidence.”
ISIL and other groups exploited the chaos that engulfed Libya after the 2011 uprising that toppled and later killed longtime ruler Muammar Gaddafi.
The group was eventually expelled from Sirte in December 2016 by forces fighting for the former United Nations-backed Government of National Accord. Forces of east-based commander Khalifa Haftar reclaimed Derna two years later.
Hundreds of alleged former ISIL fighters remain jailed in Libyan prisons, many of whom are still awaiting trial.

(Source: Al Jazeera, 29/05/2023)

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