government: presidential republic
state of civil and political rights: Not free
constitution: 5 September 1995; amended several times, last in 2019
legal system: civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation; has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration
legislative system: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate and the Majilis
judicial system: Supreme Court of the Republic (consists of 44 members); Constitutional Council (consists of the chairperson and 6 members); regional and local courts
religion: Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.)
death row: 27 (as of 30/09/2004)
year of last executions: 0-11-2003
death sentences: 0
executions: 0
international treaties on human rights and the death penalty:International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (aiming to the abolition of the death penalty)
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
situation:
