government: Republic
state of civil and political rights: Free
constitution: 19 October 2007 (was approved by the Assembly)
legal system: based on civil law system
legislative system: unicameral Assembly
judicial system: Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)
religion: Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic
death row:
year of last executions: 0-0-0
death sentences: 0
executions: 0
international treaties on human rights and the death penalty:International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1st Optional Protocol to the Covenant
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (aiming to the abolition of the death penalty)
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
6th Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (concerning the abolition of the death penalty)
European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances
Statute of the International Criminal Court (which excludes the death penalty)
situation:
Montenegro is completely abolitionist. Montenegro adopted a new Penal Code on June 19, 2002 that abolished the death penalty and replaced it with 40 years in jail.
After almost 75 years, Yugoslavia officially ceased to exist on February 4, 2003 when its parliament voted to replace what remained of the troubled six-member socialist federation with a loose union of Serbia and Montenegro. The historic move, effective immediately, was welcomed by the European Union, which put pressure on Serbia and Montenegro to stay together for now.
On May 21 2006, there was a referendum in Montenegro that sanctioned the separation of the Republic of Montenegro from Serbia.
On March 3, 2004 Serbia-Montenegro deposited with the Council of Europe the instrument of ratification of Protocol No 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms banning the death penalty in all circumstances.
On December 16, 2020, Montenegro once again co-sponsored and voted in favour of the Resolution on a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty at the UN General Assembly.
